摘要 :
One of the most important tasks in the systems development process is that of performance analysis. It is needed to ensure that the system meets its requirements, is delivered on schedule, and developed within allocated costs. It ...
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One of the most important tasks in the systems development process is that of performance analysis. It is needed to ensure that the system meets its requirements, is delivered on schedule, and developed within allocated costs. It consists of two phases: performance prediction and performance measurement. Proper selection of performance measurement attributes is essential to this process. These measurement attributes commonly called 'measures of effectiveness' or 'MOEs' provide quantifiable benchmarks against which the system concept and implementation can be compared. Early in the life of a system, prediction is required for feasibility and specification development. Towards the end of systems implementation and development, performance measurement techniques play a ma or role in system testing and verification. Choosing incorrect MOEs will result in a system that does not meet customer expectations. This paper introduces a comprehensive and systematic process by which viable MOEs that quantify and analyze system performance may be developed. The approach is based on research into Command and Control System evaluation performed at the Naval Postgraduate School during the late 1980's. This paper extends the research to open systems in general and develops several of the original theoretical concepts in more detail.
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DoD programs need effective systems engineering (SE) to succeed. DoD program managers need early warning of any risks to achieving effective SE. This SERC project has synthesized analyses of DoD SE effectiveness risk sources into ...
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DoD programs need effective systems engineering (SE) to succeed. DoD program managers need early warning of any risks to achieving effective SE. This SERC project has synthesized analyses of DoD SE effectiveness risk sources into a lean framework and toolset for early identification of SE-related program risks. Three important points need to be made about these risks. * They are generally not indicators of 'bad SE.' Although SE can be done badly, more often the risks are consequences of inadequate program funding (SE is the first victim of an underbudgeted program), of misguided contract provisions (when a program manager is faced with the choice between allocating limited SE resources toward producing contract-incentivized functional specifications vs. addressing key performance parameter risks, the path of least resistance is to obey the contract), or of management temptations to show early progress on the easy parts while deferring the hard parts till later. * Analyses have shown that unaddressed risk generally leads to serious budget and schedule overruns. * Risks are not necessarily bad. If an early capability is needed, and the risky solution has been shown to be superior to the alternatives, accepting and focusing on mitigating the risk is generally better than waiting for a better alternative to show up. Unlike traditional schedule-based and event-based reviews, the SERC SE EM technology enables sponsors and performers to agree on the nature and use of more effective evidence-based reviews. These enable early detection of missing SE capabilities or personnel competencies with respect to a framework of Goals, Critical Success Factors (CSFs), and Questions determined by the EM task from the leading DoD early-SE CSF analyses. The EM tools enable risk-based prioritization of corrective actions, as shortfalls in evidence for each question are early uncertainties.
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Current advances in technology, sensor collection, data storage, and data distribution have afforded more complex, distributed, and operational information fusion systems (IFSs). IFSs notionally consist of low-level (data collecti...
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Current advances in technology, sensor collection, data storage, and data distribution have afforded more complex, distributed, and operational information fusion systems (IFSs). IFSs notionally consist of low-level (data collection, registration, and association in time and space) and high-level information fusion (user coordination, situational awareness, and mission control), which require a common ontology for effective communication and data processing. In this paper, we describe the ontology reference model developed as part of the uncertainty representation and reasoning evaluation framework (URREF). The URREF ontology is intended to provide guidance for defining the actual concepts and criteria that together comprise the comprehensive uncertainty evaluation framework being developed by the Evaluation of Technologies for Uncertainty Representation Working Group (ETURWG).
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A Technical Metrics Workshop was held at NRL Stennis Space Center, MS, by the NRL Acoustics Division April 29 - May 1, 2008. The primary goal of the workshop was to identify the state-of-the-art technical and scientific metrics fo...
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A Technical Metrics Workshop was held at NRL Stennis Space Center, MS, by the NRL Acoustics Division April 29 - May 1, 2008. The primary goal of the workshop was to identify the state-of-the-art technical and scientific metrics for the acoustic and oceanographic research and development communities. A second goal was to relate scientific metrics to engineering and performance metrics, and outline the inclusion of uncertainties in various parameters using metric variability. Participation in the workshop was significant. State-of-the-art technical applications, as well as brief insights into future metrics, requirements for metrics, standards or reference level metrics were presented. This paper briefly summarizes and presents the conclusions of the workshop. This work is a useful reference for building consistent technical metrics within the ocean and acoustic research and development community, as well as providing common guidance for measuring exit and milestone criteria, and for quantifying the contributions of interdisciplinary projects.
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The implementation of corporate entrepreneurship is becoming an important activity for private- and public-sector organizations. Organizational factors have been linked to successful corporate entrepreneurship. The Corporate Entre...
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The implementation of corporate entrepreneurship is becoming an important activity for private- and public-sector organizations. Organizational factors have been linked to successful corporate entrepreneurship. The Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument (CEAI) is an instrument that attempts to measure the effectiveness of the key internal organizational factors, or climate, that influence innovative activities and behaviors. This study attempted to assess the content validity and factor structure of the CEAI and thus add weight to the psychometric soundness of the instrument. In sum, the effectiveness of the instrument was tested using the framework for scale development presented by Hinkin (1998). Overall, the CEAI was found to be a relatively stable instrument. In fact, the factor structure that emerged only slightly varied from the original instrument developed by Hornsby, Kuratko, and Zahra (2002).
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The purpose of this paper is to explore how new platforms will utilize medium caliber airburst technology to increase weapon system lethality and effectiveness on the battlefield. The paper presents some of the current airburst mu...
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The purpose of this paper is to explore how new platforms will utilize medium caliber airburst technology to increase weapon system lethality and effectiveness on the battlefield. The paper presents some of the current airburst munition concepts that are in development and also examines several current airburst program's requirements. The paper then presents scenarios where the target matrix provides specific engagement scenarios that airburst munitions can be used. These will include a diversity of target focusing on the employment concepts for AAAV and LPD-17. The paper then focuses on defining effectiveness criteria for evaluation of the different airburst munitions- specifically focusing on measuring the effectiveness of airburst munitions against threat infantry targets. The paper examines the current methodologies used to determine effectiveness and provides a recommended methodology using an effects-based analysis process.
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